What are the differential diagnoses for gallstones?

Differential diagnosis of gallstones is key to accurately diagnosing the condition, involving a variety of possible diseases and conditions. Understanding the different differential diagnoses can help patients distinguish gallstones from other related diseases with similar symptoms, so as to choose the best treatment plan.

The distinction between gallstones and other diseases mainly includes acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, liver disease and gastrointestinal disease. Acute cholecystitis is often accompanied by severe pain in the right upper abdomen, fever, and nausea. Its symptoms are very similar to those of gallstones, but inflammatory indicators and imaging examinations can help distinguish them. Cholangitis is often manifested as a triad of jaundice, fever, and abdominal pain, and is mainly diagnosed by ultrasound and CT scans. Liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis may also cause similar upper abdominal pain, which needs to be confirmed by liver function tests. Gastrointestinal diseases such as reflux esophagitis and gastric ulcers are usually distinguished by gastroscopy. For accurate identification, ultrasound examination is the first choice, CT and MRI can help clarify complex situations, and ERCP (endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiopancreatography) is used to observe the bile duct when necessary. Choosing appropriate tests combined with the patient's specific medical history can better identify gallstones from other diseases.

In terms of management measures, once the diagnosis of gallstones is confirmed, common treatments include medication, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and surgery. Medication, such as ursodeoxycholic acid, can help partially dissolve cholesterol stones, rather than calcified stones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is suitable for patients with small and small stones, breaking down stones through the action of shock waves. Surgical treatment, such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy, is a conventional surgical method for treating gallstones, especially for those with recurrent attacks or high risk of complications. In addition to medical treatment, it is also important to develop a healthy lifestyle. The diet should include more vegetables and fruits rich in fiber, avoid high-fat, high-cholesterol foods, exercise regularly, and maintain a healthy weight. Paying attention to regular physical examinations, early detection of potential problems, and actively consulting professional doctors for appropriate guidance are important measures to protect health. If you suspect that you have symptoms of gallstones, be sure to seek medical attention in a timely manner. Professional doctors can provide you with accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plans.