What causes gallstones?

Gallstones are formed when some components of bile gradually precipitate and eventually condense into solid particles. They may exist quietly in the gallbladder, or occasionally cause severe pain in the right upper abdomen. When the cholesterol content in bile is too high or the ratio of other components is unbalanced, stones are more likely to form.

Gallstones are mainly divided into cholesterol stones and black pigment stones. Cholesterol stones are caused by the oversaturation of cholesterol in bile. Their formation in the gallbladder is closely related to the dietary structure. For example, excessive intake of high-fat foods causes excessive bile secretion, which in turn leads to cholesterol crystal deposition. Black pigment stones are more common in cirrhosis, chronic infection, etc., which is related to the increase in bilirubin released after a large number of red blood cells in the body are destroyed.

The key to preventing gallstones is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Controlling the intake of cholesterol and fat in the diet and eating more fiber-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can help maintain normal bile composition. Maintain regular exercise and control weight, because rapid weight changes may induce the formation of cholesterol stones. For patients with gallstones who have already developed symptoms, they should seek medical evaluation in time, because long-term gallstones may cause complications such as cholecystitis and pancreatitis. Food and exercise play an important role in our daily lives, and through good habit changes, it is expected to reduce the risk of gallstones.