Causes of kidney and ureteral stones

The main causes of kidney and ureteral stones include genetic, environmental, physiological and other pathological problems. Understanding these factors can help us take effective preventive measures and choose appropriate treatment when necessary.

1. Genetic factors

Kidney and ureteral stones have a certain family genetic tendency. If there are multiple people in the family who suffer from stone disease, the individual's risk of developing stones will increase. Genetic variations related to calcium and oxalate metabolism in the body may lead to a significant increase in the probability of stone formation. In this case, people with a family history of stone problems should pay more attention to their eating habits and regular health screenings.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term lack of water intake, excessively dry climate or excessive sweating in high temperature environment may lead to concentrated urine and increase the risk of stone formation. It is recommended to maintain a daily water intake of about 2000 ml and replenish water in hot weather or after strenuous exercise; avoid drinking beverages rich in sugar, sodium and phosphate, which may also accelerate stone formation.

3. Physiological factors

Individual metabolic abnormalities such as elevated uric acid and excessive urinary calcium excretion are important physiological causes of renal and ureteral stones. Obese patients are prone to stones due to calcium metabolism disorders and changes in urine pH. The risk of disease can be effectively reduced through a reasonable diet, weight control and improved metabolism. For example, reduce the intake of high-purine foods such as animal offal and beer, and supplement with foods rich in magnesium and citric acid such as lemons and bananas.

4. Pathological diseases

Certain diseases such as hyperparathyroidism and urinary tract infection may contribute to the formation of stones. Hyperparathyroidism can lead to increased urinary calcium excretion, while urinary tract infection may lead to the deposition of the core material of the stone, such as magnesium ammonium phosphate. In such cases, treating the primary disease is the key step. Common treatment measures include surgical removal of the malfunctioning gland or infection control drugs such as antibiotics.

5. Other triggers

Some unhealthy habits in life, such as high-salt and high-protein diets, may also cause stones. Dietary adjustments can help reduce the risk, such as reducing salt intake to no more than 5 grams per day and increasing dietary fiber intake such as green leafy vegetables and whole grains.

The occurrence of ureteral stones is affected by genetics, environment, health status and other factors. It is recommended that high-risk groups pay attention to improving their lifestyle habits, maintain a good diet and water intake, and have regular urine and kidney examinations for early detection and early intervention. If severe pain or hematuria occurs, seek medical attention in time and choose appropriate treatment options to avoid worsening of the condition.