What causes gallstones?

The causes of gallstones can be attributed to a combination of genetic, environmental and physiological factors. These stones form in the gallbladder, possibly due to excessive accumulation and precipitation of cholesterol, bile acids or calcium salts in the bile. Genetic factors make some people naturally susceptible to gallstones, especially if there is a family history of gallstones, the risk is higher. Dietary habits, such as high-fat and high-cholesterol food intake, are also important environmental factors in the formation of gallstones. Obesity, rapid weight loss, pregnancy and certain diseases such as diabetes or cirrhosis of the liver can increase the chance of developing gallstones. When the gallbladder is dysfunctional or infected, it may also promote the development of gallstones.

The diagnosis of gallstones is usually based on imaging tests such as ultrasound, and treatment can vary depending on symptoms and the size and location of the stones. Drug therapy, such as oral ursodeoxycholic acid, can help some patients gradually dissolve cholesterol stones. Surgery is the most common and effective method, especially laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which can quickly and safely remove stones from the gallbladder. For severe cases or those with recurrent infections, traditional open cholecystectomy may be a necessary option. However, some mild cases and asymptomatic patients may be more suitable for non-surgical treatment and require careful evaluation and post-treatment.

The diagnosis of gallstones is usually based on imaging tests such as ultrasound, and treatment can vary depending on symptoms and the size and location of the stones. Drug therapy, such as oral ursodeoxycholic acid, can help some patients gradually dissolve cholesterol stones. Surgery is the most common and effective method, especially laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which can quickly and safely remove stones from the gallbladder. For severe cases or those with recurrent infections, traditional open cholecystectomy may be a necessary option. However, some mild cases and asymptomatic patients may be more suitable for non-surgical treatment and require careful evaluation and post-treatment.

The most effective way to prevent gallstones is to maintain an ideal weight through a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet and adequate exercise. Reducing the high fat and cholesterol content in the diet and consuming more fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains can effectively reduce the concentration of insoluble substances in bile. Regular exercise not only helps control weight, but also promotes bile duct function and reduces the risk of stone formation. If you find any symptoms of discomfort such as pain in the upper right abdomen or indigestion, timely medical treatment can avoid complications.