What causes perianal abscess in children?

Children's perianal abscess is usually caused by bacterial infection, which leads to inflammation and accumulation of pus in the tissues around the anus. The main reasons may be related to factors such as underdeveloped immune system, damaged or infected perianal skin, and intestinal diseases.

Among the infection-related causes, the most common are bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli or Streptococcus, which enter the tissue through broken skin or perianal glands and cause inflammation. Children whose immune systems are not yet mature are more susceptible to infection when faced with bacteria. Physical factors such as prolonged moisture, uncleanliness or irritation of the perianal skin by skin care products, and wearing non-breathable diapers may also induce local infection. In addition, the intestinal function of infants and young children is still developing, and behaviors such as constipation, frequent bowel movements, and incomplete defecation may put pressure on the perianal skin, thereby increasing the risk of infection. In terms of genetics and diseases, a small number of children with congenital anal fistulas are more likely to develop perianal abscesses because anal fistulas provide a path for bacteria to grow and spread. Long-term diarrhea or inflammatory bowel disease can also induce this problem.

Treatment for perianal abscesses in children depends on the severity. In mild cases, doctors may use topical antibiotics and warm water sitz baths to help relieve inflammation. If a significant abscess has formed, an incision and drainage surgery may be required to drain the pus and prevent the infection from spreading further. Some oral antibiotics, such as cephalosporins or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination, are required after surgery to control the infection. In more serious cases, if the cause involves congenital anal fistula or recurrent infection, further surgery is required to remove the fistula to prevent recurrence. At the same time, the child's diet should also be adjusted, such as supplementing fiber to avoid constipation, drinking more water, and reducing the intake of irritating foods to help the intestines function return to normal. Ensuring that the skin around the anus is dry and hygienic, changing diapers regularly and applying protective skin creams can also help reduce the risk of worsening of the disease.

For parents, early detection and timely intervention are key. If a child has redness, swelling, pain, lumps or pus around the anus, please seek medical attention as soon as possible. Avoid squeezing the swollen area with your hands to prevent the spread of infection. Do not take medicine on your own or delay treatment. Every child is a special individual. A suitable treatment plan should be developed under the guidance of a professional doctor. This will not only relieve pain, but also prevent the problem from recurring. During the recovery period, give your child more psychological care and daily care to help them get rid of discomfort and smile again as soon as possible.