Why does perianal abscess form anal fistula?

The reason why perianal abscess develops into anal fistula is that the abscess is not treated promptly and effectively, and the infection continues to spread, leading to necrosis of surrounding tissues and the formation of an abnormal channel running through the anal gland and the skin. Perianal abscess and anal fistula are often two stages of the pathological process. Abscess is the acute purulent infection stage, while anal fistula is its chronic manifestation.

The occurrence of perianal abscess is usually closely related to anal gland infection. When the anal gland opening is blocked by feces or foreign objects, bacteria enter the gland, causing purulent infection and forming an abscess. If the abscess is not adequately drained, the pus will spread to the surrounding tissues, erode healthy tissues, and eventually form a fistula connecting the intestinal cavity and the outside of the body. This pathological process is related to many factors, such as low immune function, trauma or incision infection in the anal area, sedentary lifestyle, and intestinal inflammatory diseases (such as Crohn's disease). Inadequate environmental hygiene, chronic constipation or recurrent diarrhea can also increase the incidence of abscesses and increase the risk of developing anal fistulas.

For perianal abscesses and the anal fistulas they cause, early and timely intervention is the key to avoiding disease progression. Surgical incision and drainage should be performed as early as possible during the abscess stage. "Incision and drainage" is recommended to relieve acute inflammation. For patients who have already formed anal fistulas, treatment methods such as "fistulectomy", "thread hanging therapy" or "formation repair" can be selected according to the depth and type of the fistula. In postoperative care, it is crucial to keep the perianal area clean. Daily warm water sitz baths can promote wound healing. In terms of diet, more vegetables and fruits rich in dietary fiber, such as sweet potatoes and apples, should be consumed, and spicy and irritating foods should be avoided to prevent excessive intestinal burden. Developing good bowel habits, avoiding long periods of sitting and increasing exercise can also help prevent recurrence.

Although perianal diseases are common, the physical and psychological burden they bring cannot be ignored. If you experience symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and difficulty defecating, you should seek medical attention in a timely manner to determine the location and extent of the abscess so that early treatment can be provided. For cases that have developed into anal fistulas, there is no need to worry too much. Surgical treatment and good postoperative management can help patients greatly improve symptoms and restore perianal function. Caring for your own health starts with paying attention to details and early intervention.