How do gallstones affect the body?

Gallstones can have many effects on the body, especially when the stones block the bile duct, which may cause abdominal pain, jaundice, and even more serious complications such as cholecystitis and pancreatitis. Although some small stones may not cause symptoms for a long time, once bile duct obstruction occurs, you need to seek medical attention in time. By understanding the impact of gallstones and taking scientific prevention and treatment measures, you can reduce related risks.

1. Impaired digestive function

Bile is an important substance for digesting fat. Gallstones may cause partial or complete obstruction of the bile duct, resulting in poor bile flow. This can cause indigestion, bloating and stomach discomfort, especially after eating greasy food. To improve digestion, you can adopt a low-fat diet, eat more high-fiber foods such as vegetables and fruits, and avoid spicy foods. Developing a habit of eating small and frequent meals can also reduce the burden on the gallbladder.

2. Cause cholecystitis or cholangitis

If gallstones block the gallbladder or bile duct, bacteria may accumulate and cause inflammation, which may manifest as severe pain in the right upper abdomen, fever, nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, abscesses or even gallbladder perforation may occur, which is life-threatening. Such cases usually require anti-inflammatory medication. In severe cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and biliary drainage surgery are required to relieve the condition.

3. Develop pancreatitis

When gallstones cause bile duct obstruction, digestive fluids secreted by the pancreas may flow back and damage pancreatic tissue, leading to acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis often presents with persistent severe pain in the left upper abdomen or mid-abdomen, and may be accompanied by vomiting, fever, etc., requiring emergency treatment. Treatments include fasting, rehydration, antibiotics to prevent infection, and, if necessary, bile duct surgery to remove stones.

4. Causes jaundice

If gallstones block the common bile duct, bile cannot be discharged normally, and bilirubin will accumulate in the body, causing yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, also known as obstructive jaundice. Patients may also feel that their urine is dark yellow, accompanied by severe itching. At this time, it is recommended to seek medical attention immediately. After confirmation by imaging examinations, the obstructive stones can be removed through ERCP (endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiopancreatography) or surgery.

5. Potential risk of malignant transformation

Patients with long-term gallstones are at a certain risk of gallbladder cancer, especially those with large gallstones or long-term inflammation in the gallbladder. Regular physical examinations and monitoring of the gallbladder are very important. If the doctor determines that the stones cannot be metabolized naturally and the risk is high, it is recommended to consider surgical removal of the gallbladder as soon as possible to eliminate future hidden dangers.

The harm of gallstones needs to be taken seriously. If you have discomfort in the right upper abdomen or other abnormal symptoms, you must seek medical attention in time for a clear diagnosis. At the same time, pay attention to a light diet, regular work and rest, and moderate exercise to protect the health of the digestive system. If gallstones have been diagnosed, remember to follow the doctor's advice and choose the appropriate treatment plan to avoid delaying the disease and causing more serious consequences.