What foods are forbidden for ureteral stones?

Patients with ureteral stones should avoid foods high in oxalate, purine, and salt, and reduce animal protein intake to reduce the risk of stone formation. For treatment, they need to drink more water, adjust their diet, and use medication or surgery when necessary.

1. Foods with high oxalate content: Foods with high oxalate content, such as spinach, beets, and chocolate, will increase the concentration of oxalate in urine and promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Patients should reduce the intake of such foods or reduce the oxalate content through cooking methods.

2. High-purine foods: Foods with high purine content, such as animal offal, seafood, and beer, increase uric acid production and lead to uric acid stones. Patients should control purine intake and choose low-purine foods such as vegetables, fruits, and grains.

3. High-salt foods: Preserved foods, processed meats, fast food and other high-salt foods will increase urinary calcium excretion and promote stone formation. Patients should reduce salt intake and control the daily salt intake to less than 5 grams.

4. Animal protein: Excessive intake of animal protein such as red meat, poultry, and eggs will increase the excretion of calcium, uric acid, and oxalic acid in urine, increasing the risk of stones. Patients should consume animal protein in moderation and increase the intake of plant protein such as beans and nuts.

5. Drink plenty of water: Daily water intake should be maintained at 2-3 liters to dilute urine and reduce the risk of stone formation. It is recommended to choose boiled water, light tea or lemonade, and avoid sugary drinks.

6. Drug treatment: Depending on the type of stones, your doctor may prescribe diuretics, urine alkalinizing drugs, or uric acid inhibitors, such as hydrochlorothiazide, potassium citrate, allopurinol, etc., to help dissolve or prevent stones.

7. Surgical treatment: For larger stones or stones that cannot be expelled on their own, minimally invasive surgeries such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be used for treatment.

Patients with ureteral stones should effectively prevent and control the formation and recurrence of stones by adjusting their diet, drinking more water, and taking medication or surgical intervention when necessary.