Are anal fissures and anal fistulas the same thing?

Anal fissure and anal fistula are two different anorectal diseases. Although their symptoms are similar, their causes and treatments are different. Anal fissure is a tear in the skin or mucous membrane of the anus, usually caused by constipation or hard stools; anal fistula is an abnormal channel formed around the anus, which is often related to infection or abscesses. In terms of treatment, anal fissure is mainly treated with constipation relief and local medication, while anal fistula requires surgical intervention.

1. Causes and treatment of anal fissure

Anal fissures are often associated with difficulty passing stools, and long-term constipation or hard stool passing through the anus may cause tears in the anal skin or mucosa. Other causes include diarrhea, excessive tension in the anal sphincter, or inflammatory bowel disease. In treatment, the focus is on softening the stool and relieving pain. A high-fiber diet such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits can help prevent constipation. Topical nitroglycerin ointment or calcium channel blockers can relieve sphincter spasms. Warm water sitz baths can also relieve pain and promote healing. For stubborn anal fissures, surgery such as internal sphincterotomy may be required.

2. Causes and treatment of anal fistula

Anal leakage is often caused by ruptured or infected abscesses around the anus. It may also be related to Crohn's disease, tuberculosis or trauma. Symptoms of anal leakage include pain around the anus, discharge and repeated infections. Treatment usually requires surgery, which includes fistulotomy, fistulectomy or hanging thread therapy. Pay attention to anal hygiene before and after surgery to avoid infection. Avoid spicy and irritating foods in your diet and keep your bowels open. Regular follow-up after surgery to prevent recurrence.

3. Differences and prevention between the two

Anal fissures and anal fistulas may have similar symptoms, such as anal pain and bleeding, but their causes and treatments are different. Anal fissures are mostly acute, while anal fistulas are mostly chronic. The key to preventing anal fissures is to keep your bowels open and avoid constipation and diarrhea. To prevent anal fistulas, you need to treat perianal infections and abscesses in a timely manner. Regular physical examinations and maintaining good living habits can help reduce the occurrence of anorectal diseases.

Although anal fissures and anal fistulas have similar symptoms, their causes and treatments are different. Anal fissures are often associated with constipation, and treatment is mainly based on softening the stool and topical medications; anal fistulas are often caused by infection and usually require surgical intervention. Maintaining good bowel habits and anal hygiene is the key to preventing both diseases. If you have symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately to avoid delaying treatment.